Familiaridade interfere no reconhecimento e na natureza da representação memorizada, não no processo de recuperação / Familiarity interferes in the recognition and nature of the memorized representation, not in the process of retrieval / La familiaridad influye en el reconocimiento y en la naturaleza de la representación memorizada, no en el proceso de recuperación

Nossa capacidade de armazenamento é maior para estímulos com os quais estamos mais familiarizados. No entanto, os processos específicos afetados pela familiaridade ainda são pouco conhecidos. Nós investigamos o efeito da familiaridade sobre a recuperação de representações visuais em uma tarefa de reconhecimento utilizando o paradigma de dicas retroativas. Uma tarefa de interferência visual irrelevante (Ruído Visual Dinâmico) foi utilizada como indicador da natureza visual das representações recuperadas. A familiaridade, definida como a exposição repetida ao mesmo conjunto de estímulos, foi manipulada entre dois grupos de participantes. Para um grupo (Grupo com Estímulos Repetidos) as provas experimentais continha estímulos sorteados de um mesmo conjunto de 8 (oito) caracteres chineses. Para o outro grupo (Grupo com Estímulos Inéditos) as provas eram formadas por estímulos inéditos, sorteados de um conjunto de 483 caracteres chineses. O RVD foi apresentado no intervalo entre a dica retroativa e o estímulo teste em metade das provas. O desempenho de ambos os grupos na tarefa de reconhecimento melhora ao longo da sessão, mas de forma mais acentuada no grupo que trabalhou com Estímulos Repetidos. O efeito da dica se mantem inalterado ao longo da sessão e independe da familiaridade, entretanto a representação mais familiar mostra-se mais suscetível à interferência do RVD, sugerindo que a exposição repetida aos mesmos estímulos permitiu a geração de representações visuais.

Our ability to save is greater for more familiar stimuli than for less familiar. However, the specific processes affected by familiarity are still less known. We investigate the familiarity effect on the retrieval of visual representations in a recognition task, using the retroactive cue paradigm. A visual interference task (DVN-Dynamic Visual Noise) was used as visual nature indicator of recovered representations. The familiarity, defined as to the repeated exposure to the same stimuli set, was manipulated between two groups of participants. For one group (Group with Repeated Stimuli) the experimental tests contained stimuli drawn from the same set of 8 Chinese characters. For the other group (Group with Unpublished Stimuli) the tests were formed by unpublished stimuli, drawn from a set of 483 Chinese characters. DVN was presented in the interval between the retroactive tip and the test stimulus in half the tests. The performance of both groups improves on the task recognition throughout the experimental session, but more sharply at the group that worked with Repeated Stimuli. The retrieval effect remains unchanged throughout the session and independs of familiarity, however the more familiar representation is more susceptible to DVN, suggesting the repeated exposure to the same stimuli allowed the generation of visual representations.

Nuestra capacidad de almacenamiento es mayor para estímulos familiares que para los estímulos poco familiares. Sin embargo, los procesos específicos afectados por la familiaridad son poco conocidos. Nosotros investigamos el efecto de la familiaridad sobre la recuperación de las representaciones visuales en una tarea de reconocimiento usando el paradigma de pistas retroactivas. Una tarea de interferencia visual irrelevante (Ruido Visual Dinámico) fue utilizada como indicador de la naturaleza visual de las representaciones recuperadas. La familiaridad, definida como la exposición repetida al mismo conjunto de estímulos, fue manipulada entre dos grupos de participantes. Para un grupo (Grupo con Estímulos Repetidos) las pruebas experimentales contenían estímulos sorteados de un mismo conjunto de 8 caracteres chinos. Para el otro grupo (Grupo con Estímulos Inéditos) las pruebas eran formadas por estímulos inéditos, sorteados de un conjunto de 483 caracteres chinos. El RVD fue presentado en el intervalo entre pista retroactiva y el estímulo test en la mitad de las pruebas. El desempeño de ambos los grupos en la terea de reconocimiento mejora a lo largo de la sesión experimental, pero mejora de forma más acentuada en el grupo que trabajó con los Estímulos Repetidos. El efecto de las pistas retroactivas se mantiene inalterado a lo largo de la sesión y no depende de la familiaridad, por otro lado, la representación más familiar se muestra más susceptible a la interferencia del RVD, sugiriendo que la exposición repetida a los mismos estímulos permitió la generación de representaciones visuales

The influence of unitization encoding strategy on directed forgetting effect of associative recognition / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the influence of unitization encoding strategy and the moderating effect of unitization level on directed forgetting effect of associative recognition.@*Methods@#Association recognition paradigm combined with directed forgetting paradigm were employed in this study.The 39 participants acquired by simple random sampling were asked to remember or forget compound words or unrelated word pairs which were randomly presented according to cues.In the retrieval stage, they needed to distinguish " old" or " rearranged" word pairs regardless of the cues.@*Results@#(1) The reversed unitization effect reached significance. The discrimination of compound words (0.43±0.03) was lower than that of unrelated words (0.55±0.03) (F=27.27, P<0.001, ηp2=0.42). For the word pairs (to be remembered, TBR), the discrimination of compound words (0.43±0.03) was lower than that of unrelated words (0.59±0.03) (t=-6.05, P<0.001); for the word pairs (to be forgotten, TBF), the discrimination of compound words (0.43±0.03) was still lower than that of unrelated words (0.50±0.04) (t=-2.30, P=0.025). (2) The directed forgetting effect of associative recognition was significant.However, TBR (0.51±0.03) was more discriminative than TBF (0.46±0.03) (F=4.30, P=0.045, ηp2=0.10). But the difference was mainly reflected in the recognition of unrelated words.TBR (0.59±0.03) was more discriminative than TBF (0.50±0.04) (t=3.19, P=0.003). However, there was no significant difference between TBR (0.43±0.03) and TBF (0.43±0.03) in recognition of compound words.@*Conclusion@#The unitization encoding stratege can simultaneously promote hit rate and false alarm rate.The directed forgetting effect can be eliminated when unitization level is high enough.